A quiet registry of crypto exchanges, active and gone.
Reviewed event layer
Browse reviewed exchange incidents and lifecycle disruptions linked back to entity dossiers and supporting evidence.
Leading recorded types
Loopring announced that all DEX trading services would cease immediately and took the relayer offline on June 28, 2026.
Oxium announced that it would wind down operations and close its front-end interface on August 1, 2026 after low revenue made continued operation financially unsustainable.
The U.S. Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control designated Nobitex under Executive Orders 13224 and 13902, citing support for the IRGC and operation in Iran's financial sector and warning of sanctions exposure for certain counterparties.
The U.S. Treasury announced sanctions targeting Nobitex and other Iranian digital-asset exchanges. Reuters and AP reported the action and the Treasury's stated sanctions-evasion rationale.
LINE BITMAX reached its announced termination date. The official service site and help center subsequently displayed that the service had ended on 2026-06-01.
The published wind-down schedule set 2026-05-31 as the end of normal protocol access and the date the Tapp Exchange frontend would be taken offline. After that point, remaining withdrawals were expected to require direct smart-contract interaction.
BitcoinVN concluded that VBTC was no longer the right vehicle for its future trading strategy and scheduled the full VBTC service shutdown for the end of 2026.
Companies House recorded the final compulsory strike-off and dissolution of Zedxion Exchange Ltd on 2026-05-12. The registrar stated that the action related to incorporation information or statements considered misleading, false, or deceptive. The public exchange website nevertheless remained accessible after the dissolution date, so HEI records a limited rather than terminal dead-side status.
Latvijas Banka decided on May 12, 2026 to issue SIA Paybis Europe both a MiCA crypto-asset service provider licence and a payment-institution licence under PSD2.
Coinmetro announced that Coinmetro OÜ had secured renewal of its Estonian Financial Intelligence Unit virtual-asset-service licence.
Tapp Exchange announced that it had begun winding down the protocol. The team said normal access and withdrawals would remain available through 2026-05-31 and asked users to remove assets before the frontend was retired.
CoinSpot reported that it began holding an Australian Financial Services Licence with a non-cash-payments authorisation on April 29, 2026.
Current exchange trackers show Crex24 with no available market data, no tracked volume, or as no longer operational.
Current exchange trackers show no available trading-pair / volume data or mark STEX as no longer operational.
The prosecutor's office published instructions for potential victims, asking them to document when and in what amount they ordered withdrawals from Zondacrypto, including withdrawals that were not fully or partially executed.
The Regional Prosecutor's Office in Katowice opened an investigation concerning Zondacrypto, including suspected misleading of users about the purchase and storage of fiat currencies and cryptocurrencies, possible money-laundering-related conduct, reported withdrawal problems, and lack of access to an approximately 4,500 BTC cold wallet.
Reporting described Grinex as suspending operations after the attack, with follow-on coverage describing halted trading and blocked withdrawals during the investigation.
Reporting stated that withdrawals were halted while the Rhea team worked to contain further damage after the exploit.
Grinex said it suspended operations after a cyberattack stole assets worth approximately 1 billion rubles, reported at about USD 13.1 million.
Grinex said it had suffered a large cyberattack that stole assets worth roughly 1 billion rubles, with outside estimates and blockchain analysis placing the loss around USD 13-15 million.
Rhea Finance suffered an exploit involving fake tokens, liquidity-pool manipulation, and oracle / validation or slippage-protection weakness; early reports estimated USD 7.6 million stolen, while later analysis described USD 18.4 million before recovery or freezes.
Control of the cow.fi domain was transferred without authorization for several hours and an unsafe frontend was served. CoW DAO stated that the incident affected the domain and frontend rather than the underlying protocol systems.
Official messaging described a temporary migration with customer assets stated to remain safe.
Gemini closed customer accounts in the UK, EEA, and Australia on April 6, 2026, while the global Gemini exchange entity remained active.
After confirming the active attack, Drift suspended deposits and withdrawals while coordinating containment with security firms, bridges, and exchanges.
The reported service-termination notice set April 1, 2026 at 00:00 Yerevan Time as the terminal deadline for exchange operations.
Drift Protocol confirmed an active attack on April 1, 2026; public estimates ranged from over $130 million to about $285 million, with later analysis describing privileged-access and fake-token collateral mechanisms.
The phased shutdown plan concluded with a final migration / withdrawal deadline of March 31, 2026.
Balancer co-founder Fernando Martinelli announced that Balancer Labs would wind down, while explicitly stating that he was not calling for a full Balancer protocol shutdown and supported a lean continuation path.
VBTC stopped onboarding new clients and accepting new VND deposits and announced that its VND spot market operations would close by December 31, 2026.
CEX.IO announced that CEX.IO Markets UK Limited had obtained registration with the UK Financial Conduct Authority under the Money Laundering Regulations.
Affected UK, EEA, and Australia customer accounts entered withdrawal-only handling before final regional closure.
The final timeline for Polynomial's wind-down scheduled chain operations to halt on March 3, 2026, after liquidity-layer closure on February 24.
LINE Xenesis announced that LINE BITMAX would end on 2026-06-01 and published withdrawal, asset-conversion, refund, and custody procedures for customers.
ProBit Global's standard platform services and normal withdrawal window ended on February 26, 2026, with later asset-return handling continuing into April.
Because the wind-down was described as immediate cessation of operations, HEI uses the announcement date as the effective closure marker for the Step Finance / Remora Markets group record.
Step Finance announced that Step Finance, SolanaFloor, and Remora Markets would wind down after failing to secure financing, acquisition, or another viable recovery path following the breach.
Polynomial's wind-down timeline scheduled forced liquidations for February 18, 2026 after operations ceased on February 14.
Polynomial announced the closure of Polynomial Chain and Polynomial Trade, cancellation of its planned Q1 2026 TGE, and a phased wind-down including forced liquidation, liquidity-layer closure, and chain shutdown.
South Korean regulators and authorities were reported to be inspecting Bithumb after the erroneous BTC crediting incident exposed internal-control and operational-risk concerns.
Bithumb restricted affected users' trading and withdrawals within about 35 minutes of the erroneous crediting incident and later recovered the vast majority of the mistaken balances.
Gemini announced it would close customer accounts in the United Kingdom, European Economic Area, and Australia, with a phased regional wind-down ending on April 6, 2026.
A February 2026 report described a Fastex Exchange service-termination notice and withdrawal-only state attributed to MiCA / regulatory alignment.
The wind-down plan scheduled the end of spot trading for January 31, 2026, followed by restrictions on contract trading and withdrawal-only handling.
Step Finance suffered a treasury-wallet breach in late January 2026. Reports place the loss in a broad USD 26-40 million range depending on source and accounting for recovered or affected Remora assets.
The U.S. Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control designated Zedxion Exchange Ltd under Iran-sector and counterterrorism authorities. Treasury stated that Zedxion-linked addresses had processed funds for wallets linked to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and designated the exchange for operating in Iran's financial sector and materially supporting the IRGC.
ProBit Global's shutdown roadmap ended spot trading and delisted all spot pairs on January 28, 2026.
A database migration / pricing-data error on Paradex briefly priced BTC at zero during maintenance, triggering mass unintended liquidations across perpetual markets.
The Seychelles Financial Services Authority issued a public notice concerning the BitStorage domain, company status, and virtual-asset authorisation.
ProBit Global announced a complete service wind-down, citing a rapidly evolving regulatory environment and strategic business restructuring.
Bit.com began a three-phase wind-down on December 27, 2025, disabled new user registrations, and directed users to withdraw assets or migrate balances to Matrixport.
Bybit announced that it would discontinue services for Japanese residents and gradually apply account restrictions from 2026 in response to Japanese regulatory-compliance requirements, after earlier suspension of new Japan registrations.
Upbit urgently suspended digital-asset deposits and withdrawals after detecting abnormal activity involving Solana-network tokens and moved remaining assets to cold wallets.
Upbit detected abnormal withdrawals of Solana-network assets, with reporting estimating roughly USD 30-40 million or 54 billion KRW in assets transferred to an unauthorized external wallet.
Balancer v2 pools were exploited across multiple chains in November 2025, with secondary reports describing approximately USD 128 million drained and the flaw later cited as a source of legal exposure for Balancer Labs.
Follow-up reporting described Bunni as closing permanently after the exploit, with remaining funds to be distributed and contracts open-sourced.
Bunni announced it would shut down operations because the exploit left the team without enough resources to fund a secure relaunch, including audit and monitoring costs.
Taiwan's Financial Supervisory Commission included Bito Technology, the operator of BitoPro, among the first nine virtual-asset service providers to complete the new anti-money-laundering registration required to continue operating.
Public reporting and the RCMP statement describe the 2025-09-18 action as the dismantling of TradeOgre, ending exchange operations.
RCMP Federal Policing – Eastern Region announced that it seized more than 56 million dollars in cryptocurrency from TradeOgre and that the platform had contravened Canadian laws and regulations.
Bunni paused all smart-contract functions after an exploit drained an estimated USD 8.4 million across supported networks, including Ethereum and Unichain exposure.
Gemini announced that Gemini Intergalactic EU, Ltd. had received a MiCA licence from the Malta Financial Services Authority, enabling regulated crypto-asset services across the EU and EEA through the Malta entity.
BtcTurk suspended cryptocurrency deposits and withdrawals after the suspicious hot-wallet activity, while reports indicated Turkish-lira services and trading remained available.
BtcTurk experienced suspicious outflows from hot wallets in August 2025, with blockchain/security reporting and news sources estimating the affected value around USD 48-49 million.
BtcTurk detected unusual movements in hot wallets and temporarily suspended cryptocurrency deposits and withdrawals as a precaution while trading and Turkish-lira transactions continued.
The U.S. Treasury designated Grinex, stating that Garantex employees created it to continue services, transfer customer deposits, and evade sanctions after law-enforcement disruption.
Spain's National Securities Market Commission authorised Bitcoinforme S.L., operating as Bit2Me, as a crypto-asset service provider under the European Union's MiCA framework by resolution dated July 28, 2025.
As a precaution after the unauthorized-withdrawal incident, WOO X temporarily suspended withdrawals while completing an internal review and coordinating with security teams and other exchanges.
WOO X reported a contained incident in which nine user accounts experienced unauthorized withdrawals totaling about USD 14 million, while saying the affected users would be fully covered.
Horizen completed its migration to Base and discontinued EON, requiring users to exit EON DeFi pools before the migration deadline.
Reports described temporary product/service restrictions after the breach, including Web3 / INR and crypto-withdrawal handling, while CoinDCX worked to contain the incident and reassure users about fund safety.
CoinDCX confirmed a security breach involving an internal operational account, with reports estimating about USD 44 million stolen; the company said customer funds were not affected.
Reporting described BigONE as temporarily freezing or suspending trading functions after the USD 27 million security incident while working with SlowMist to trace stolen funds.
BigONE temporarily suspended deposits while reinforcing system security after the breach, with later updates indicating deposit and trading services were restored.
BigONE confirmed a roughly USD 27 million hot-wallet / supply-chain breach, while stating that private keys and cold storage remained safe and that user balances would be fully covered.
BigONE reported that a third-party supply-chain attack modified operating logic and enabled unauthorized transfers from hot wallets, with losses estimated at approximately USD 27 million.
GMX disabled GMX v1 trading and GLP mint/redeem functionality on Arbitrum and Avalanche after the exploit, while stating or reporting that GMX v2 was unaffected.
GMX v1 / GLP on Arbitrum was exploited for about USD 42 million, with the attacker later offered a white-hat bounty and some funds reportedly returned.
Purchases through the Anycoin platform stopped and eligible European customers were automatically migrated to Finst by the end of June 2025.
Bitvavo announced that the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets had authorised Bitvavo B.V. as a crypto-asset service provider under the European Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation.
Coinbase announced that Coinbase Luxembourg S.A. had received authorization from Luxembourg's CSSF as a crypto-asset service provider under MiCA, supporting regulated service provision across the EU and EEA through the Luxembourg entity.
Nobitex said it pulled its website and app offline while reviewing unauthorized access to its systems and hot wallet infrastructure after the attack.
Nobitex was attacked by hackers identifying as Predatory Sparrow / Gonjeshke Darande, with roughly USD 90 million in crypto assets transferred to inaccessible or burned addresses and source-code exposure threatened.
Nobitex suffered a major security incident in June 2025. Public reporting and blockchain analysis described more than $90 million in crypto assets being transferred to inaccessible addresses in an apparently politically motivated attack.
Austria's Financial Market Authority granted Bybit EU GmbH authorization as a crypto-asset service provider under MiCAR for custody, exchange, placing, and transfer services, supporting Bybit's regulated EEA platform rollout.
Cetus halted trading / paused smart-contract activity while investigating the exploit and coordinating recovery through Sui validators, the Sui Foundation, and security partners.
Cetus Protocol suffered a major exploit on May 22, 2025, with reports estimating about USD 223 million to USD 260 million drained from Sui/Aptos liquidity pools and more than USD 160 million of assets later frozen or recovered through the Sui ecosystem response.
The announced eXch shutdown date was May 1, 2025, marking the terminal date used by HEI for the exchange entity.
KUNA's closure roadmap set April 30, 2025 as the complete cessation date for the platform after earlier deposit, exchange, and withdrawal deadlines.
Authorities stated that the seizure action shut down the eXch platform before the operators' announced 2025-05-01 closure date.
The Frankfurt public prosecutor's cybercrime unit and the BKA seized the Germany-based server infrastructure of eXch and confiscated cryptocurrency assets, with support from the Dutch FIOD.
eXch announced that it would cease operations on May 1, 2025, describing a management decision to cease and retreat in the hostile legal and surveillance environment.
eXch said it had become the target of an active transatlantic operation amid allegations that Lazarus Group used the platform to launder funds from the Bybit hack; earlier reporting said eXch denied being a mixer but acknowledged processing a small portion of funds from the incident.
ApeX removed the remaining Pro trading liquidity and disabled Pro deposit functions as users were directed to migrate to ApeX Omni.
KiloEx paused operations / trading for roughly ten days while preparing recovery and compensation measures after the oracle-manipulation attack.
KiloEx suffered an approximately USD 7 million price-oracle manipulation exploit across multiple chains, including Base, BNB Chain, and Taiko exposure.
Public closure text stated Mercatox would cease responding to user inquiries on 2025-04-01.
OKX temporarily suspended its decentralized exchange aggregator after consulting regulators, citing efforts to prevent further misuse by Lazarus-linked activity and to apply security upgrades during heightened EU/MiCA scrutiny of its Web3 service.
DMM Bitcoin service ended on March 8, 2025 after customer assets and accounts were transferred to SBI VC Trade.
Garantex suspended services after Tether blocked wallets on the platform, with international enforcement activity and web-infrastructure seizure following in the same period.
The SEC filed to dismiss its civil enforcement action against Coinbase in February 2025, ending the lawsuit that began in 2023.
Bybit suffered a record-scale Ethereum wallet hack in February 2025, with reports estimating about USD 1.4-1.5 billion stolen from a cold-wallet transfer/signing process while the exchange continued operating globally.
Mango's official shutdown update set February 3, 2025 as the final closure date and asked users to close positions before that time.
Public exchange-status sources stated that Mercatox had closed down operations and would cease responding to user inquiries on 2025-04-01.
B2BX Digital Exchange OÜ's Estonian virtual-asset-service license ended after the company renounced it during a supervisory proceeding.
KUNA's founder announced that the exchange would wind down commercial operations after domestic blocking connected to Ukrainian enforcement and court action.
Peken Global Ltd, operating as KuCoin, pleaded guilty to operating an unlicensed money-transmitting business, agreed to more than $297 million in fines and forfeiture, and accepted a two-year exit from the U.S. market.
Phemex suspended deposits and withdrawals across chains as an emergency response to the hot-wallet incident, then resumed chains and assets in staged updates.
Phemex detected unusual activity in its hot wallet and described the incident as a hacker attack, isolating affected devices and contacting security firms and law enforcement.
Reuters and WSJ reported that BitMEX was fined $100 million by a U.S. judge after the company pleaded guilty to a Bank Secrecy Act-related charge over anti-money-laundering failures.
Governance proposals tied to the wind-down became executable on January 13, 2025, effectively ending core borrowing/lending/trading viability on Mango v4 / Boost.
Mango Markets announced that users should close positions and that Mango v4 / Boost were winding down, with governance proposals set to make most borrowing economically unviable.
BCM and Kraken support materials indicated that BCM clients would be migrated or directed to Kraken following the acquisition, with BCM account closure or transition communications centered on 2025-01-07.
Reuters reported that Grinex had been sanctioned by the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union in 2025, with U.S. authorities linking it to sanctions-evasion infrastructure involving the A7A5 ruble-backed stablecoin.
BL3P ended trading, deposits, and withdrawals on December 20, 2024 and began transferring remaining user balances to Bitonic accounts.
Public exchange-status sources marked Nominex as dead on 2024-12-18 after the closure announcement for its centralized exchange.
Nominex informed users by email that it was closing its centralized exchange for economic reasons and advised users to withdraw funds as soon as possible.
The Zug Cantonal Court opened bankruptcy proceedings against Lykke Corp on December 16, 2024, dissolving the company into liquidation.
Polish authorities arrested Dmitry Vasilyev, described in reporting as a former WEX head, on suspicion of fraud and money laundering tied to the exchange's operations and missing funds.
DMM Bitcoin announced an agreement to transfer customer accounts and assets to SBI VC Trade, with the transfer path replacing a restart of DMM Bitcoin's own exchange service.
Fairdesk's published wind-down schedule set 2024-11-30 as the permanent closure date after a withdrawal-only period.
After BEP-151 decommissioned the native DEX module, BNB Beacon Chain halted and stopped processing new transactions in the final sunset fork.
The official wind-down schedule said the website would be taken down after 2024-11-07 and that users should recover any remaining arbitration bond funds before that date.
The official shutdown schedule set November 7, 2024 as the final website shutdown date after earlier trade and withdrawal deadlines.
Bitonic announced that BL3P would close on December 20, 2024, citing new regulation including MiCA and a decision to focus on the Bitonic platform.
Fairdesk announced that all futures and spot positions would close on 2024-10-17, that only withdrawals would remain during the wind-down, and that the platform would permanently close on 2024-11-30.
The SEC filed settled charges against Mango DAO, Blockworks Foundation, and Mango Labs over unregistered offers/sales of MNGO tokens and unregistered broker activity connected to the Mango Markets platform.
Public exchange-status sources marked ZT.com Exchange as dead by 2024-09-18, and CoinMarketCap later showed withdrawals and trading suspended.
Public exchange-status sources marked InstaSwap as dead by 2024-09-18.
Public exchange-status sources marked Bololex Exchange dead on 2024-09-18 after the site became inaccessible and no continuity notice was found.
Cryptowisser reported that AidosMarket could not be accessed on 2024-09-18 and marked the exchange as dead; other trackers show inactive, untracked, or unavailable current exchange data.
By 2024-09-18, public exchange-status sources reported that the zt.com website was unsuccessful to access and there had been no prior maintenance or migration notice.
By 2024-09-18, public exchange-status sources reported that the InstaSwap website was unsuccessful to access and there had been no prior maintenance or migration notice.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that the Bololex Exchange website could not be accessed on 2024-09-18 and that there had been no preceding notice of maintenance, migration, or recovery plans.
Indodax suffered a security incident on September 11, 2024, entered maintenance, and restored full operations after roughly 80 hours while stating that user funds remained safe.
Tokocrypto announced that it had obtained a full Pedagang Fisik Aset Kripto licence from Bappebti after operating as a prospective registered trader since 2019.
Turkey's Capital Markets Board published Bitlo among crypto-asset service providers that had applied under the 2024 transition framework and were listed as continuing operations.
Turkey's Capital Markets Board included Paribu's trading-platform and custody entities in the transitional list of crypto-asset service providers that declared an intention to continue operating under the new regulatory framework.
Turkey's Capital Markets Board included Bitexen among crypto-asset service providers that declared an intention to continue operating under the new statutory framework.
ZKX announced discontinuation, delisted all markets, closed positions, and began a withdrawal period after concluding that no economically viable path remained.
Following the July 2024 breach, WazirX suspended platform operations including withdrawals and trading, producing a roughly 15-16 month interruption before phased restart.
The Estonian Financial Intelligence Unit published supervisory precepts concerning Coinmetro OÜ's failure to submit required auditor reporting on own funds in July 2024 and again in July 2025.
WazirX suffered a large hack in July 2024 that drained roughly USD 230-235 million from the platform and led to a long suspension and restructuring process.
Public exchange-status sources treated Exnomy as dead based on the posted termination notice stating that services had ended on 2024-07-08.
Public exchange-status coverage captured a notice stating that EXNOMY services were terminated on July 8, 2024, that trading was no longer possible, and that asset withdrawals had to be requested by email.
Japan's Financial Services Agency issued a warning stating that LBank had provided crypto-asset exchange services to Japanese residents over the internet without registration.
Lykke shut down trading two days after the June 4 security incident while investigating unauthorized access and asset losses.
Lykke Exchange suffered unauthorized access on June 4, 2024 that resulted in approximately $22 million of digital assets being removed from the platform.
DMM Bitcoin suffered an unauthorized outflow of bitcoin in 2024, widely reported as approximately 4,502.9 BTC and roughly JPY 48 billion at the time.
Thailand revoked Zipmex exchange and broker licenses effective 2024-05-28.
ALEX is included as an event-backed DEX/protocol record because the protocol has public security-incident history in addition to exchange database references.
CommEX's staged closure schedule set 2024-05-10 as the full website-access closure date, making it the terminal exchange-service marker for HEI.
LocalMonero and AgoraDesk announced that new signups and advertisements would be disabled, followed by staged trading and withdrawal deadlines.
The U.S. Department of Justice announced in May 2024 that Alexander Vinnik pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit money laundering in connection with BTC-e's operation.
Trading and deposits ended during April and the website closed on 2024-05-01.
The South African Financial Sector Conduct Authority approved VALR in Category I and Category II as a crypto asset service provider.
Reliable reporting documented that BitcoinToYou customers had been unable to withdraw funds since early April 2024 and that the exchange had not publicly explained the interruption at the time of reporting.
The Hong Kong SFC removed HKVAEX from the applicant list after withdrawal.
CommEX announced that operations would begin suspending on 2024-03-25 and that access to the website would fully close on 2024-05-10.
Exchange services ended and remaining users were directed to an asset-return process.
Hong Kong's Securities and Futures Commission warned that MEXC was actively promoting virtual-asset trading services to Hong Kong investors without a licence application and added it to the Suspicious Virtual Asset Trading Platforms Alert List.
Hong Kong's Securities and Futures Commission warned the public about suspected virtual asset fraud involving BitForex and placed BitForex on its Suspicious Virtual Asset Trading Platforms Alert List.
New Zealand's Serious Fraud Office opened an investigation into Digital Asset Exchange Ltd, trading as Dasset, after the company entered liquidation.
BitForex users were unable to withdraw or access the platform after large hot-wallet outflows and a period of no communication from the exchange.
The operator announced that exchange services would end on 2024-03-16.
OPNX told users to withdraw funds and export historical data by 2024-02-14 as part of its February 2024 shutdown.
SouthXchange users were instructed to withdraw remaining funds before 2024-01-31 as the exchange concluded all operational activities.
Huobi Korea terminated its exchange services on 2024-01-29 after concluding that the current business environment made continued operation impractical. Customer withdrawals remained available after the shutdown.
Tracker references preserve SouthXchange's wind-down notice stating that operational activities were concluding and deposits and trading were deactivated.
Coinbit reached its terminal exchange state when trading and withdrawal support ended.
Trading services ended while residual account functions remained.
Global exchange brand from the broader Bittrex lineage, later wound down after regulatory pressure and liquidation proceedings.
A November 2023 security incident affected KyberSwap Elastic liquidity pools. KyberSwap later published a postmortem and established a treasury grant program for eligible affected users.
HTX reported that a cyberattack affected assets in its hot wallet and temporarily disrupted services; withdrawal functionality was subsequently restored for major assets.
Binance Holdings pleaded guilty to U.S. anti-money-laundering, unlicensed money-transmitting, and sanctions violations and entered coordinated resolutions with DOJ, CFTC, FinCEN, and OFAC requiring more than USD 4.3 billion in aggregate penalties and compliance remediation.
Coinbit announced staged termination of registrations, deposits, trading, and withdrawals.
BitgetX said it would not pursue a Hong Kong VATP licence and set a closure date.
Poloniex temporarily suspended deposit and withdrawal services while it investigated the hot-wallet compromise and upgraded wallet and security infrastructure.
Poloniex suffered a major hot-wallet security incident involving a private-key compromise and losses reported above USD 100 million across multiple networks.
Txbit's announced final shutdown date passed, ending the exchange's operating identity.
CoinEx detected anomalous withdrawals from hot wallets on September 12, 2023 and later stated that the incident was caused by leakage of a hot-wallet private key.
A Turkish court later convicted Thodex founder Faruk Fatih Özer and imposed a very long prison sentence in September 2023, confirming the fraud-centered nature of the exchange collapse.
LiteBit's help center told users that assets and account information would be transferred to Bitvavo after 2023-08-14 and that logging in to LiteBit would no longer be available after that date.
Digital Asset Exchange Limited, trading as Dasset, entered liquidation on 2023-08-14 after customers had been unable to access funds and the company had been unable to secure replacement banking services.
Txbit announced that it would close the exchange and instructed users to withdraw funds before the final shutdown date.
HashKey Exchange announced that the Hong Kong SFC had upgraded its Type 1 and Type 7 licences, allowing the platform to expand from professional investors to retail users.
The Monetary Authority of Singapore granted Blockchain.com Singapore a Major Payment Institution licence for regulated digital payment token services.
Algofi announced that the protocol would sunset, making Algofi Swap a dead or discontinued DEX/protocol record rather than a thin active listing.
CoinEx agreed to pay about $1.8 million and be banned from operating in New York to resolve a lawsuit brought by the New York Attorney General alleging illegal unregistered operations in the state.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filed a civil enforcement action against Coinbase in June 2023 involving exchange, broker, clearing, and staking-related claims.
BKEX suspended withdrawals after stating that some platform user funds were involved in money laundering and that it was cooperating with police to collect evidence.
LiteBit announced that it intended to end its activities due to market developments, increasing competition, and regulatory pressure, while offering customers a switch to Bitvavo.
Centralized exchange founded in 2018 that ceased CEX operations in May 2023 after deteriorating operating conditions and earlier disruption tied to an investigation.
Bittrex filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after announcing the wind-down of its U.S. operations.
CoinLoan received a notice of restraint on disposition and halted user operations, including withdrawals, while bankruptcy proceedings were reported as underway.
The SEC charged Bittrex, Inc. and its former CEO for operating an unregistered national securities exchange, broker, and clearing agency. The SEC also charged Bittrex Global GmbH in connection with shared order-book allegations, but this record remains the Bittrex U.S. entity record.
Bitrue identified an exploit of one hot wallet on April 14, 2023 that removed approximately USD 23 million in several crypto-assets and prompted a temporary withdrawal suspension and security review.
The exchange announced that its Liechtenstein entity had obtained approval for registration as a Trustworthy Technology Exchange Service Provider under the TVTG, subject to a condition precedent.
BITFRONT's closure notice wound down service in stages and ended withdrawals and remaining customer access on 2023-03-31.
Bittrex announced it would wind down U.S. operations, with trading ending in April 2023 and customers told to withdraw funds by the end of that month.
Beaxy ceased operations after the U.S. SEC charged the platform and associated parties with operating as an unregistered exchange, broker, and clearing agency.
Public exchange-status sources reported the website was inaccessible on 2023-03-23 and marked Bleutrade as dead.
Cryptowisser reported on 2023-03-23 that it was unable to access Aryana Exchange's website and marked the exchange dead. CoinMarketCap, CoinCarp, and BitDegree show untracked, inactive, or no current market data.
The Rock Trading suspended platform operations in February 2023, with later reporting and legal references describing insolvency and liquidation proceedings.
The Rock Trading said it had to interrupt operation of its platform because of difficulties encountered in liquidity management.
LocalBitcoins suspended trading and normal wallet use on 2023-02-16, leaving withdrawals only afterward.
LocalBitcoins announced a staged discontinuation schedule, starting with suspension of new signups on 2023-02-09 and a planned trading suspension on 2023-02-16.
Kraken agreed to end its on-chain staking service for U.S. clients and pay $30 million in disgorgement, prejudgment interest, and civil penalties to settle SEC charges.
Public exchange-status sources marked Coindirect as dead-side on 2023-01-24 after access to retail accounts was set to be disabled the same day.
Coindirect announced that it was closing down its retail service after five years and would focus on its B2B business instead.
Public exchange-status sources marked Bitzlato dead on 2023-01-18 after the founder arrest and shutdown-triggering enforcement action.
Public reporting stated that the arrest of Bitzlato's founder and concurrent enforcement action resulted in the platform being required to shut down.
Public exchange-status sources marked C-Trade as dead on 2023-01-11 after the exchange posted a notice about building a brand new platform.
By 2023-01-11, public exchange-status sources said the website was inaccessible and marked AAX as dead.
By 2023-01-11, public exchange-status sources stated that the C-Trade platform was not possible to use.
Public exchange-status sources treated Titanex as dead on 2023-01-03.
Public exchange-status coverage classified Titanex as having disappeared from normal operation.
A malicious actor gained control of Raydium Liquidity Pool V4's pool-owner authority and withdrew assets through fee-accounting instructions. Raydium revoked the compromised authority, deployed a mitigation and later moved authority controls to multisig infrastructure.
Public exchange-status sources marked BQT dead on 2022-12-02 after the platform showed no operational signs and could not be accessed as an exchange.
Cryptowisser reported on 2022-12-02 that DEEX had financial issues, did not manage to get services fully operational, and closed. Other trackers later showed no active market data or an offline website.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that the BQT website was up but the exchange could not be accessed and the firm's last visible social activity had been earlier in 2022.
Project Serum stated that the collapse of Alameda and FTX had rendered the original Serum mainnet program defunct. It pointed users and protocols toward the community-led OpenBook fork, noting that Serum liquidity and volume had fallen to near zero and that the old program carried security risk.
BITFRONT announced a phased voluntary shutdown, including suspended sign-ups, later trading suspension, and a final withdrawal deadline of 2023-03-31.
LocalCryptos announced a voluntary wind-down in October 2022, with new account creation disabled after 2022-11-04 and new trade creation disabled after 2022-11-18.
AAX suspended activity including withdrawals amid a delayed system upgrade and partner failure.
After unauthorized activity affected FTX, Solana ecosystem developers concluded that Serum's FTX-controlled upgrade authority could no longer be trusted. Developers copied Serum v3 into a newly deployed, multisig-controlled program that became OpenBook, while major integrations moved away from the original Serum program.
FTX and affiliated debtors filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on November 11, 2022.
Coinsquare Capital Markets Ltd. was admitted to IIROC membership and registered as an investment dealer, establishing a regulated Canadian operating framework for the platform.
Cryptowisser reported on 2022-10-08 that ACDX Exchange reached only a landing page, that other pages could not be accessed, and that users reported inability to access funds. Cryptowisser moved ACDX to its Exchange Graveyard, while other trackers show the exchange as inactive or untracked.
Public exchange-status sources marked Hoo Exchange as a scam and moved it to graveyard handling on 2022-08-17.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that numerous independent sources reported that Hoo Exchange was not processing withdrawals and that accounts were being blocked without explanation.
Media reports and blockchain-security monitoring described a suspected ZB.com hot-wallet exploit involving roughly USD 4.8-5 million in token outflows shortly after withdrawals were suspended.
ZB.com announced that deposit and withdrawal services were suspended, citing temporary maintenance / core-application failure; market trackers continued to display this suspension notice.
AEX announced that all platform-related services would be suspended from 2022-07-17 while it cooperated with a Guangxi police investigation.
AEX reportedly closed the withdrawal function because short-term liquidity problems had not been resolved and the platform could not meet withdrawal demand in the short term.
Crema Finance was reported to have suffered a smart-contract / flash-loan-related exploit in July 2022, with public reporting describing roughly $9 million affected.
CoinFLEX suspended customer withdrawals during a liquidity dispute involving a large counterparty later identified by CoinFLEX leadership as Roger Ver.
The Monetary Authority of Singapore granted Hako Technology Pte. Ltd., trading as Coinhako, a Major Payment Institution licence covering digital-payment-token services.
The U.S. Treasury sanctioned Garantex as part of an action against Russia-based Hydra Market and a ransomware-enabling virtual currency exchange.
The AutoShark team announced that it would stop all development, disable further minting where applicable, and redistribute or leave remaining protocol assets for community withdrawal.
Exchange-tracking services record Bithumb Singapore as having terminated operations during March 2022, after which no active trading pairs or volume remained.
The U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York announced that Arthur Hayes and Benjamin Delo pleaded guilty to violating the Bank Secrecy Act by willfully failing to establish, implement, and maintain an AML program at BitMEX.
Binance.sg shut down by 2022-02-13 after the operator withdrew its licensing effort.
Public exchange-status sources marked CoinBene dead on 2022-02-01 after the site became inaccessible and no continuity notice was found.
Bitbns later acknowledged that exchange funds had been compromised in a February 2022 security incident.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that CoinBene's website could not be reached on 2022-02-01 and that there had been no preceding messages about maintenance, migration, or any replacement site.
Exchange trackers and company-profile sources later marked Allcoin inactive, closed, or untracked, with zero coins / trading pairs and no reliable market activity.
AscendEX identified unauthorized transfers from hot-wallet infrastructure across several networks on December 11, 2021 and temporarily suspended deposits and withdrawals while rebuilding affected infrastructure.
Users lost login and withdrawal access, while AOFEX said technical and wallet personnel were assisting a police investigation and no staff were available to restore the servers.
BitMart identified a large-scale security breach involving an Ethereum hot wallet and a BNB Smart Chain hot wallet and temporarily restricted withdrawals during its response.
Public exchange-status sources treated Coinsuper as dead in late 2021 under business-reasons handling.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that financial troubles persisted through 2021 and later resulted in the firm closing business, after which the platform was marked dead.
The JEX platform officially ceased operations on 2021-12-01, while users could still log in and withdraw assets. Cryptowisser marked Binance JEX dead and moved it to its Exchange Graveyard.
After closing new mainland-China registrations, deposits, spot trading, and futures trading in stages, Binance JEX officially ceased operations on December 1, 2021.
Public exchange-status sources marked BiKi dead on 2021-11-30 after the regulatory-reasons closure announcement.
AOFEX said it completed removal from mainland-China application marketplaces while cooperating with local regulatory requirements.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that BiKi decided to close down its operations due to regulatory reasons and announced this on its website.
Public exchange-status sources treated Coineal as dead based on the posted statement that the platform would officially cease operations on 2021-11-15.
Coinone announced that South Korean authorities had accepted its virtual-asset service provider filing under the revised financial-transaction framework.
Public exchange-status sources marked Cryptox as dead on 2021-11-11.
By 2021-11-11, public exchange-status sources reported that the Cryptox website was not accessible and there had been no prior maintenance notice.
Russian-language crypto reporting described a hacker attack against BTC-Alpha and reported that user funds were safe.
Public exchange-status coverage stated on 2021-11-01 that Coineal had already stopped registration and identity verification for new mainland China users in 2019 and would officially cease operations on 2021-11-15.
JEX announced that, as per latest regulatory requirements, new mainland China registrations and KYC were stopped and the platform would officially cease operations on 2021-12-01.
BHEX permanently ended platform access after progressively stopping registration, deposits, derivatives, spot trading, and withdrawals during its October 2021 wind-down.
Bidesk completed a staged permanent shutdown after stopping trading and providing a final withdrawal period in October 2021.
BitZ announced that it would stop spot trading and disable website / app login on 2021-10-21 as part of an orderly exit following Chinese regulatory policy requirements.
Public exchange-status sources marked Coinzo dead on 2021-10-11 after reports that the exchange had shut down.
Public exchange-status coverage stated on 2021-10-11 that Coinzo seemed to have closed down its operations and that Turkish media had linked the shutdown to increased regulatory pressure from Turkish authorities.
Blockchain Global later entered voluntary administration, with liquidators and regulators examining debts, creditor claims, and conduct of former directors.
Independent Reserve announced that its Singapore operation received approval for a Major Payment Institution licence from MAS under the Payment Services Act to provide Digital Payment Token services.
CoinJar UK Limited was registered by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority as a Cryptoasset Exchange Provider and Custodian Wallet Provider.
Public exchange-status sources marked Bgogo dead on 2021-08-31 after the centralized platform shut down and the decentralized component was rebranded into Gogoswap.
Public exchange-status coverage recorded that Bgogo decided to close the centralized part of its platform and transition the decentralized side into Gogoswap, instructing users to withdraw assets from the centralized exchange.
Bilaxy reported that its ERC-20 hot wallet had been compromised, suspended the website and withdrawals, and warned users not to deposit assets during the response.
BitMEX agreed to pay up to $100 million to settle civil charges brought by the CFTC and FinCEN related to U.S. customer access, registration, and compliance controls.
THORChain suffered two Ethereum-router exploits in July 2021. The incidents drained assets from the protocol, prompted trading halts and reimbursement commitments, and led to a security-hardening program before the network was progressively restored.
Public exchange-status sources marked LakeBTC as dead on 2021-07-15.
Public exchange-status sources marked ACX as dead on 2021-07-15.
Public exchange-status sources marked Bitmaszyna as dead on 2021-07-15.
Public exchange-status sources marked CoinEgg dead on 2021-07-15 after the site became inaccessible and no continuity notice was found.
By 2021-07-15, public exchange-status sources reported that the LakeBTC website was unsuccessful to access.
By 2021-07-15, public exchange-status sources reported that the ACX website was not accessible.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that attempts to access bitmaszyna.pl on 2021-07-15 were unsuccessful and that there had been no prior maintenance or migration notice.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that CoinEgg's website could not be reached on 2021-07-15 and that there had been no preceding messages on system maintenance, replacement sites, or similar continuity plans.
Braziliex's published closure calendar set 2021-06-25 as the date on which the exchange would leave the market permanently, following the customer withdrawal deadline.
Braziliex announced that it would close after four years, publishing a wind-down calendar for trading, APIs, deposits, and customer withdrawals. The operator cited operating risk, new competitors, and regulatory uncertainty in Brazil.
An attacker used an economic and flash-loan manipulation path that collapsed the SHARK token price and extracted roughly 2,500 BNB from the protocol ecosystem.
Public exchange-status sources marked C2CX dead on 2021-05-10 after the exchange announced that it had closed down.
Public exchange-status coverage stated on 2021-05-10 that C2CX had closed down and reproduced a site notice indicating that trading operations had ceased.
ATOMARS stated that its CFO and exchange administrator had disappeared with access to user wallets while customers reported blocked withdrawals and unresponsive support.
Public exchange-status sources marked Vebitcoin dead on 2021-04-26 after the closure notice on its domain.
Public coverage recorded Vebitcoin's notice that it had ceased all activities after financial strain and would update clients as soon as possible.
Vebitcoin announced that it stopped all activities, while Turkish authorities later blocked onshore bank accounts and detained people linked to the exchange as part of an investigation.
Public exchange-status coverage stated on 2021-04-22 that Eterbase had paused operations and was moved to dead-side handling.
In April 2021, Thodex users could no longer access accounts after a maintenance / temporary closure notice, while founder Faruk Fatih Özer had left Turkey. The event became the terminal operating collapse of the exchange.
Public exchange-status sources marked Rfinex dead on 2021-04-10 after the site became inaccessible and no continuity notice was found.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that Rfinex could not be accessed on 2021-04-10 and that there was no information on system maintenance or anything similar.
Public exchange-status sources treated Allbit as dead on 2021-03-22.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that Allbit closed down all exchange services with effect as of 2021-03-22.
Cryptowisser reported that it could not access the 6x Exchange website on 2021-03-15 and marked the exchange dead in its Exchange Graveyard. Other trackers show the exchange as untracked or without current market data.
Public exchange-status sources marked UniDAX dead on 2021-03-11 after the site became inaccessible and no continuity notice was found.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that UniDAX could not be accessed on 2021-03-11 and that there was no accompanying information on system maintenance or similar continuity messaging.
Several DODO V2 Crowdpool pools were affected by a March 2021 security incident. Public incident analyses and partner updates stated that other V1 and non-Crowdpool V2 pools were not affected, and recovery work followed.
Livecoin ceased operations after the crisis that ultimately ended the platform.
Public exchange-status sources treated DSX as effectively dead after the 2021-01-12 bankruptcy update.
Public exchange-status coverage stated on 2021-01-12 that DSX had filed for bankruptcy and displayed an administrator notice from DSX Global (UK) Limited.
Public exchange-status sources treated KKCoin as dead on 2021-01-01.
Public exchange-status sources treated Ternion as dead on 2021-01-01.
Public exchange-status coverage stated on 2021-01-01 that KKCoin had closed down and linked the terminal handling to regulation-related restrictions.
Public exchange-status coverage treated Ternion as closed on 2021-01-01 and classified the terminal handling under business reasons.
Public dead-side coverage placed MercuriEx in the 2020-12-31 business-reasons cohort.
LCX AG became registered with the Liechtenstein Financial Market Authority under number 288159 for eight trusted-technology service-provider activities, including exchange and custody services.
Public exchange-status sources marked Livecoin as dead on 2020-12-27 after the hacker attack, before the later formal closure notice.
Public reporting stated that Livecoin lost control over parts of its infrastructure during a late-December 2020 attack and the platform became unsafe to use.
Public exchange trackers and reviews describe Altilly as having suffered a late-2020 security breach, after which the service became inaccessible or inactive.
Altilly detected suspicious activity on December 23, 2020 before attackers gained administrative access, stole high-value hot-wallet assets, deleted production servers and backups, and left remaining exchange wallet data inaccessible.
Binance Jersey wound down through November 2020 and fully shut down on 2020-11-30.
Binance Uganda announced a phased wind-down and fully shut down on 2020-11-28.
Public exchange-status coverage preserved a 2020-11-18 update stating that MercuriEx was closing down.
KuCoin disclosed that private keys associated with hot wallets had been compromised and that large quantities of crypto assets were transferred out of the exchange. The exchange remained active and later reported substantial recovery and insurance coverage.
Public reporting stated that Eterbase lost more than five million dollars from compromised hot wallets and entered maintenance mode.
Public exchange-status sources marked NLExch as closed and moved it to the exchange graveyard on 2020-09-01.
Public exchange-status sources treated ANXPRO as inactive after the exchange stated that it would not resume digital-asset exchange services.
A public update stated that NLExch had closed down and cited Dutch registration requirements and related operating costs.
Public exchange-status coverage recorded an ANXPRO website message stating that the exchange had decided not to resume digital assets exchange services.
The Ontario Securities Commission approved a settlement addressing inflated trading volumes generated through wash trades, misleading public statements, and related conduct by Coinsquare and former executives.
The Ontario Securities Commission staff review concluded that Quadriga's collapse resulted from fraud by Gerald Cotten and described the case as an old-fashioned fraud wrapped in modern technology.
Public exchange-status sources state that OpenLedger DEX closed down as of 2020-05-15 and is no longer operational.
Altsbit announced a final withdrawal deadline and shutdown following the earlier hack-related losses.
Altsbit ceased operations after the crisis that ultimately ended the platform.
Cryptowisser reported on 2020-05-01 that it could not access the 55 Global Markets website and, pending contrary information, marked the exchange as dead and moved it to the Exchange Graveyard. Other trackers later showed no current market data or website-unavailable status.
Public exchange-status coverage recorded an OpenLedger DEX closure notice on 2020-04-25 stating that the exchange would close down as of 2020-05-15.
Public exchange-status sources marked IDAX inactive and effectively dead by 2020-03-31 after months of suspended deposits and withdrawals and unresolved CEO-disappearance claims.
Cryptowisser marked Bitlish as dead on 2020-03-30 after the exchange closed down.
Publicly preserved closure text stated that Bitlish would stop providing services to all customers on 2020-03-30 and required users to withdraw remaining assets by the same date.
Cryptowisser marked Neraex dead after reporting that the exchange website appeared to have been hacked or taken over; CoinGecko later showed no available coins, trading pairs, or reported volume.
Public exchange-status sources recorded that Trade Satoshi closed down on 2020-03-01 and moved it to dead-side handling.
Trade Satoshi announced that deposits would no longer be processed and instructed users to complete withdrawals before all services terminated on 2020-03-01 00:00 UTC.
FCoin disclosed a reserve shortfall estimated at 7,000 to 13,000 BTC, creating an insolvency / withdrawal-impediment state for the exchange.
FCoin disclosed that it was unable to process user withdrawal demands because its asset reserve was below liabilities.
FCoin paused trading after disclosing that its asset reserve had fallen short of user liabilities.
Altsbit reported that a February 2020 hack caused significant cryptocurrency losses across multiple assets.
Cobinhood reached its terminal HEI operating state after the 2020-01-10 shutdown and account-balance audit notice.
Cobinhood announced that the exchange would shut down for an account-balance audit from 2020-01-10 to 2020-02-09 and warned users not to deposit assets during that period.
COSS went offline and then entered an acquisition/relaunch process, leaving long-term status ambiguous.
The COSS team stated that the exchange was taken offline on January 7, 2020 during a migration process that was later interrupted by acquisition negotiations and technical audits.
VirWoX notified users in late 2019 that the service would permanently close on 2020-01-06 and account access would end that day.
Exchange trackers and exchange-profile sources later marked CoinFalcon inactive, untracked, or no longer operational, with no reliable active market data.
CryptoBridge said all services and servers would terminate after 2019-12-15.
ACX collapsed abruptly in late 2019, with customers unable to withdraw funds from the platform.
CryptoBridge announced it would close because of market conditions and increasing regulation.
Public reporting stated that withdrawals were suspended and that the exchange's CEO had gone missing, leaving users unable to access funds.
DX.Exchange stopped accepting deposits, suspended trading, cancelled open orders, and sought a merger or sale after stating that its security, support, and technology costs were not economically feasible on its own.
Public exchange-status sources marked BiteBTC as dead on 2019-11-01 after concluding that it was widely acknowledged as a scam.
Tokocrypto became the first entity in Indonesia registered under the country's Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency in November 2019.
The Supreme Court of British Columbia appointed an interim receiver on 2019-11-01, which then secured the premises and shut down platform access.
Public exchange-status coverage recorded extensive user accusations describing BiteBTC as a scam and reporting serious platform trust issues.
Employees of CX Technologies, identified in reporting as the company operating DX.Exchange, filed an Israeli court petition alleging unpaid wages and seeking to wind up the company.
Public exchange-status sources treated CoinExchange.io as dead on 2019-10-15.
Public exchange-status coverage stated that CoinExchange.io closed down on 2019-10-15 pursuant to a board decision made on 2019-10-01 and described the decision as purely business driven.
Aphelion said it was taking steps to close the non-custodial exchange after low usage, operating losses, and weak token economics made the project unsustainable.
The Gibraltar Financial Services Commission awarded a full Distributed Ledger Technology provider licence to Bitso's Gibraltar operating entity.
Nova said trading would cease and the API would be deactivated on 2019-10-07 as part of its shutdown schedule.
BX Thailand reached its terminal operating state on the date used by HEI as the end marker.
BITKER ended exchange operations at 23:59:59 on September 2, 2019 after concluding that it could not recover from the losses caused by the May cyberattack.
Public exchange-status sources marked Bitholic inactive on 2019-08-08 after it was acquired and thereafter known as Bithumb Singapore.
Public reporting stated that Bitholic changed its name to Bithumb Singapore as part of Bithumb's expansion into Singapore.
The Central Bank of Bahrain granted Rain Management W.L.L. the first license under its Crypto-Asset Module to provide Category 3 crypto-asset services.
Public exchange-status sources marked NIX-E as dead by 2019-07-18.
By 2019-07-18, public exchange-status sources said NIX-E no longer reported volume to major sites, had an invalid site certificate, and appeared to have stale trading activity.
Public exchange-status sources marked BitMarket inactive after the platform announced that it had ceased operations because of liquidity loss.
BitMarket posted a notice stating that, due to loss of liquidity, Bitmarket.pl/net was forced to cease operations from 2019-07-08.
Public exchange-status sources marked C-CEX as dead or closed by 2019-06-27.
Koinex permanently disabled digital-asset trading on all platforms on 2019-06-27 and moved to withdrawals-only wind-down.
By 2019-06-27, public exchange-status sources reported that the website was not accessible.
Bitsane's website and social channels went offline in June 2019, leaving customers reporting lost or inaccessible funds.
By 2019-06-17, the Bitsane website and social media accounts had disappeared after weeks of withdrawal failures, and public reporting later treated the case as an apparent exit scam.
Public exchange-status sources marked BTC38 as dead by 2019-06-12.
By 2019-06-12, public exchange-status sources reported that the BTC38 website kept loading without completing.
The Securities Commission Malaysia registered Luno Malaysia Sdn Bhd as a Recognized Market Operator to establish and operate a digital asset exchange in Malaysia.
Exchange-tracking records documented BitFlip's bankruptcy and the migration of users and remaining holdings to BITEXBOOK, marking the end of BitFlip as an independent exchange service.
BITKER stated that it suffered a cyberattack on May 28, 2019 and incurred losses that the business could not afford.
Users reported difficulty withdrawing funds from Bitsane before the exchange website and social accounts disappeared.
Cryptopia reached an operational end state associated with hack.
Users reported that Bitsane withdrawals began failing in May 2019, with support citing temporary technical reasons before the exchange later disappeared.
Coinnest posted a closure notice saying it was no longer operating as of Tuesday and set an April 30 deadline for withdrawals.
QuadrigaCX moved from creditor-protection proceedings into bankruptcy proceedings in April 2019 after recovery and restructuring prospects became remote.
Users reported receiving account-termination notices and Coinroom ceased operating in early April 2019.
A public update stated that Cryptonit had closed down operations, referencing an announcement email to customers.
By 2019-04-01, Cryptonit was publicly described as having closed down operations.
DragonEX announced that user and platform crypto assets were transferred and stolen in a March 2019 cyberattack, and temporarily closed platform services while investigating the incident.
Gatecoin ceased operations after a Hong Kong court granted a winding-up order against the company, leading to compulsory liquidation.
Public reporting reproduced Gatecoin's notice that a Hong Kong court had granted a winding-up order and that operations ceased immediately.
By 2019-02-26, Abucoins was publicly marked closed and inactive.
CoinPulse's official notice said withdrawals would stay open until 2019-02-07 and that the exchange would then be placed into maintenance until further notice.
Quadriga sought and received CCAA protection on February 5, 2019 after the platform had shut down on January 28, 2019.
QuadrigaCX sought and received creditor protection in Nova Scotia after founder Gerald Cotten's death and the reported inability to access large amounts of customer cryptocurrency.
CoinPulse's official notice set 2019-02-01 as the date when all trading and deposits would be suspended while withdrawals remained open.
CoinPulse published an urgent notice stating that trading and deposits would be suspended from 2019-02-01, withdrawals would remain open until 2019-02-07, and the exchange would then enter maintenance until further notice.
Liqui announced it was shutting down on 2019-01-28 and told users they had 30 days to withdraw funds.
Coinroom was added to the Polish KNF public warning list over suspected unlicensed payment-services activity.
A 51% attack on the Ethereum Classic network produced double-spend transactions affecting Gate.io, which reported a loss of about 40,000 ETC and later said part of the funds was returned.
Cryptowisser marked 247Exchange inactive, stating that the website no longer seemed to work and that the exchange appeared to have terminated its activities. Cryptowisser's Exchange Graveyard lists 247Exchange with a 2019-01-01 MIA marker, and CoinMarketCap lists the exchange as inactive and untracked.
Official liquidation materials describe a serious January 2019 hack that caused severe operational and reputational damage.
WEX reached its terminal operating state on the date used by HEI as the end marker.
Aphelion disabled all MainNet DEX market pairs while citing new SEC rulings, market conditions, NEO technical challenges, and diminishing cash flow.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission announced a settled action involving EtherDelta's founder and the operation of EtherDelta as an online trading platform for ERC20 tokens.
Public references describe WEX as ceasing work in late 2018 without returning customer assets, with later reporting and legal action referring to missing funds from WEX accounts.
MapleChange ceased operations after the crisis that ultimately ended the platform.
EuroToken OÜ, the European operator of ATAIX, announced licenses for virtual-currency exchange and wallet services.
Tech Bureau disclosed that cryptocurrency held for the Zaif service had been unlawfully transferred following external unauthorized access, with later Zaif materials describing losses of roughly 7 billion yen in BTC, MONA, and BCH.
The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas licensed PDAX to operate as a virtual currency exchange in September 2018.
The Georgia Department of Banking and Finance said an order to cease and desist against Bulbul Investments LLC doing business as CampBX became final on 2018-07-25.
Japan's Financial Services Agency announced an administrative action after supervisory review identified deficiencies in bitbank's governance, customer-asset segregation, anti-money-laundering controls, and outsourced-service management.
Coinrail suspended services after a cyber intrusion in June 2018, with public reporting estimating losses around $40 million in cryptocurrencies.
CoinSpot states that it became registered with AUSTRAC as a virtual-asset service provider on May 8, 2018 under Australia's anti-money-laundering and counter-terrorism-financing framework.
BitGrail ceased operations after the crisis that ultimately ended the platform.
Coinsecure reported that 438.318 BTC had been exposed and siphoned to an address outside its control, after which the exchange became unavailable.
Urdubit announced it would close following the State Bank of Pakistan's stance on virtual currencies and urged customers to withdraw funds.
The State Bank of Pakistan issued BPRD Circular No. 03 of 2018, advising banks and payment providers to refrain from processing, using, trading, holding, transferring value, promoting, investing in, or facilitating virtual currencies / tokens.
The Polish KNF added Abucoins sp. z o.o. to its public warnings list over suspected unauthorized payment-services activity.
Coincheck reported unauthorized transfers of customer-held NEM and temporarily restricted parts of its service while investigating and preparing compensation.
BitConnect shut down its lending and exchange platform in January 2018 after cease-and-desist actions from Texas and North Carolina securities regulators, causing the BCC market to collapse.
CoinsMarkets ceased operations after the crisis that ultimately ended the platform.
Youbit announced it would close and file for bankruptcy after a second cyberattack caused another major asset loss.
Youbit stopped trading and entered bankruptcy proceedings after disclosing a second 2017 hack that reduced customer balances.
CoinGather went offline in late November 2017 after withdrawal complaints and later became the subject of FBI / DOJ seizure and forfeiture activity involving cryptocurrency wallets accessible through the exchange.
Profile sources describe CHBTC as ceasing trading activity on 2017-09-30 due to Chinese regulatory compliance / pressure.
Yunbi said it would close trading during the 2017 China crackdown on exchanges.
FinCEN assessed penalties against BTC-e on July 26, 2017 as U.S. enforcement action escalated.
BTC-e went offline around the July 2017 law-enforcement action. Public reference material and reporting describe the 2017 outage/seizure period as the end of the original BTC-e service.
The exchange, then known as Yapizon, suffered a hack in 2017 before later rebranding to Youbit.
BitNZ announced it would close due to New Zealand banking problems and asked customers to withdraw funds by 2017-04-15.
Later profile references describe Coinffeine as having ceased active development and operations around 2016-2017.
Bitcurex reported asset losses and went offline in October 2016.
Bitfinex suffered a major security breach in August 2016. Public reporting and DOJ materials describe roughly 119,754 bitcoin stolen from the exchange.
The U.S. CFTC ordered Bitfinex to pay a $75,000 civil monetary penalty over financed retail commodity transactions and registration-related findings.
Public reporting stated that CCEDK's current trading engine would cease in May 2016 while withdrawals remained available through June and the operation prepared to relaunch in a new OpenLedger-centered form.
ABC reported that Igot appeared on the verge of collapse, with customers owed funds, months-long withdrawal failures, and the owner acknowledging difficulty paying customers back.
Cointrader said it had closed its doors effective immediately after a debilitating hack.
Cryptsy reached its terminal operating state on the date used by HEI as the end marker.
Yacuna's closure notice gave 2015-11-15 as the deadline for customers to withdraw remaining funds before the exchange closed.
Yacuna announced via customer email that it would close the exchange and asked customers to withdraw any remaining funds before 2015-11-15.
Harborly said it was closing to focus on a separate project and that the closure was not caused by a hack, fraud, or security incident.
U.S. authorities charged Coin.mx operators with running an unlawful bitcoin exchange and money-laundering scheme.
Comkort's published closure notice set 2015-07-19 as the final date for users to withdraw funds before servers were scheduled to be turned off the following day.
Comkort announced that the exchange would cease to exist on 2015-07-19, citing lack of return during the prior year and asking customers to withdraw funds before the closure.
Public forum discussion reported that the SwissCEX site had closed while users were receiving private keys for coins held on the exchange.
The SwissCEX operator referenced an exchange-closure document and said users would receive private keys for settled accounts as part of the closure process.
The exchange's founder announced plans to close BTC Trade UA after repeated attacks and operational pressure; the service later returned and is currently active.
Coin-Swap.net's quoted closure notice set 2015-03-22 as the permanent shutdown date and stated that servers and the AWS account would be terminated.
After the March 2015 compromise, AllCrypt went offline and is now listed as inactive by exchange data references.
Public reporting and security analysis described AllCrypt as having been compromised through its WordPress setup, resulting in stolen cryptocurrency and the exchange going offline.
Coinapult announced a hot-wallet compromise in March 2015 that resulted in the loss of 150 BTC. Reporting stated customer funds were not affected and the service later restored operations.
A public forum post quoted Coin-Swap.net's notice that the exchange would close permanently on 2015-03-22 and that users must withdraw all coins before that date.
Bter reported a major Bitcoin theft in February 2015, one of several incidents in the early exchange-security era.
Bter said 7,170 BTC were stolen from its cold wallet and the platform was temporarily shut down.
Vault of Satoshi reached its terminal operating state on the date used by HEI as the end marker.
Crypto-Trade's quoted shutdown notice said the site would go offline on 2015-01-29 at 06:00 UTC after processing pending withdrawals.
Public reporting described a 1,000 BTC loss at 796 after a withdrawal address was allegedly tampered with during a compromised customer-service / withdrawal process.
A targeted server compromise and withdrawal-address tampering incident caused 796 Exchange to send 1,000 BTC to an attacker-controlled address; company representatives said major shareholders covered the loss.
Crypto-Trade announced that it would shut down permanently because low volume and a weak userbase left it unable to cover server costs, staff salaries, and promotion costs.
Bitstamp took its exchange offline after a security breach resulted in the theft of fewer than 19,000 BTC from an operational wallet. Customer balances were stated to remain fully covered, and trading resumed several days later.
Public exchange references state that McxNOW would enter a maintenance period beginning 2014-11-15, with coins not withdrawn by that date to be destroyed and wallet data deleted.
Justcoin announced that it was shutting down after its banking partner terminated the relationship and the exchange could not secure an alternative banking partner in Norway.
MintPal ceased operations after the crisis that ultimately ended the platform.
Tokyo District Court commenced bankruptcy proceedings for MtGox Co., Ltd. on April 24, 2014.
Vircurex reached its terminal operating state on the date used by HEI as the end marker.
CampBX halted ACH and wire transfers after its bank decided not to work with bitcoin companies because of regulatory uncertainty.
McxNOW announced that it would suspend trading for several months because user growth and support requirements had overwhelmed the service, with users told to withdraw funds before the temporary closure.
BitFunder announced that from 2013-11-14 users would no longer be able to enter new positions or sell positions on the website, with remaining bitcoin balances to be transferred later.
Tradehill halted trading in August 2013 because of banking and regulatory issues.
Bitfloor announced it would halt operations and return funds after its U.S. bank account was scheduled to be closed and it could no longer provide the same level of USD deposits and withdrawals.
Bitcoin-24 displayed a shutdown / unavailable notice in April 2013, citing closure of its Polish bank account, while later reporting described both Polish and German account closures and legal action.
Forum-preserved exchange status text stated that the exchange suffered drive corruption, would be brought up for withdrawals only after balance recovery, and that the exchange would cease operation.
Bitparking disabled exchange trading on April 5, 2013 and provided only a brief withdrawal window before ending exchange operation.
A contemporaneous copy of Bitparking's exchange notice stated that trading had been disabled and that the exchange would close after a short withdrawal-only period following a data-drive corruption incident.
Bitfloor shut down in April 2013 after its bank refused to continue doing business with the exchange, leaving it unable to operate normal dollar services.
Investor communications in the Bitcointalk thread stated that BitMarket.eu operations would be closed down, leaving the site only to handle old frozen coin issues.
The operator disclosed that customer funds had been used for speculation and that nearly 20,000 BTC of customer funds had been lost.
Intersango progressively shut markets during 2012 and closed its remaining GBP market in December.
Bitcoin-Central / Paymium announced that Bitcoin-Central would operate within a European regulatory framework with funds held at a partner financial institution.
GLBSE abruptly closed in October 2012. Contemporary reporting and community explanations cite legal, AML, tax, and regulatory concerns as the core closure rationale.
Bitfloor suspended operations after attackers compromised servers and stole roughly 24,000 BTC from an unencrypted wallet-key backup.